Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a component needed for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited resources for all individuals

Question 2

A population of beetles has two color morphs: green and brown. Birds preferentially eat green beetles. Over time, the frequency of brown beetles increases. Which type of selection is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous and analogous traits?

Accepted Answer

Homologous traits are similar due to shared ancestry; analogous traits are similar due to similar selective pressures.

Question 4

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 5

A pea plant with genotype AaBbCc can produce how many different types of gametes, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a post-zygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid breakdown

Question 7

In a population, the frequency of allele A is $$p = 0.7$$ and allele a is $$q = 0.3. $$What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 8

Which term describes the phenomenon where one gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

Both small and large beak sizes are favored over medium beak sizes in a bird population.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about gene flow is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow can introduce new alleles into a population.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why vestigial structures are important evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

They indicate shared ancestry with species that have functional versions of the structure.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A population of birds is split by the formation of a mountain range, leading to two distinct species over time.

Question 14

Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Genotype

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans

Question 16

Which of the following is a pre-zygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes epistasis?

Accepted Answer

Two genes interact to affect a single trait

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of co-dominance?

Accepted Answer

A flower with red and white patches from both alleles being expressed

Question 19

Which of the following is true about Lamarck's view of evolution compared to Darwin's?

Accepted Answer

Lamarck believed acquired traits could be inherited; Darwin emphasized variation and natural selection.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates sexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Peacocks with larger, more colorful tails attract more mates and have more offspring.

General Biology: Genetics, Evolution, and Speciation Study Guide

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