Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory as opposed to a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight properties of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

In a controlled experiment testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth, which is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The type of fertilizer used

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the Law of Conservation of Matter in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, is a universal solvent, and exhibits cohesion and adhesion.

Question 6

Which statement about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids have a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions and a low pH value.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct definition of an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

A dehydration synthesis reaction is important in forming which type of biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.

Question 10

Which of the following is a pseudoscience claim?

Accepted Answer

A claim that cannot be tested or falsified and lacks empirical support.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom, forming a bent shape.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a controlled variable in an experiment testing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The type of enzyme used in all test groups

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the major theme of 'structure and function' in biology?

Accepted Answer

The shape and composition of a biological structure determines its role and activity.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are all macromolecules made from repeating monomers.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct definition of a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment in which one variable is changed while all others are kept constant to test its effect.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Each element is defined by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of evaluating a scientific claim?

Accepted Answer

Reviewing the original research, checking for peer review, and assessing the reliability of the sources.

General Biology: Key Concepts and Study Guide

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