Question 1

Which of the following best describes a chemoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

An organism that obtains energy from inorganic chemical compounds and carbon from carbon dioxide.

Question 2

A scientist measures the metabolic rate of a mouse and a cow. If the mouse weighs 1/100th as much as the cow, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding their metabolic rates?

Accepted Answer

The mouse has a higher metabolic rate per gram of body mass than the cow.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 4

During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is converted into:

Accepted Answer

Two molecules of pyruvate, with a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why endotherms have higher metabolic rates than ectotherms?

Accepted Answer

Endotherms generate heat from within and must maintain a constant internal temperature.

Question 6

Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen and results in the production of lactic acid in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 7

A patient is unable to absorb nutrients efficiently due to a malfunction in the small intestine. Which digestive process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Absorption

Question 8

Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is used for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

Question 9

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the main function of the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

It is where light-dependent reactions occur, producing ATP and NADPH.

Question 11

A plant is exposed to light, but its stroma is chemically blocked. Which process will be most directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Calvin cycle (synthesis reactions)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is a coenzyme that accepts electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, combining genetic material.

Question 14

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation in the human female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 15

A mutation prevents the formation of spindle fibers during cell division. Which stage of mitosis would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between binary fission in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission occurs in cells without a nucleus, while mitosis occurs in cells with a nucleus.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

It produces estrogen and maintains pregnancy by secreting progesterone.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the human digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Elimination

Question 19

A person is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Which of the following would be the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of lactic acid due to anaerobic respiration.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To fix carbon dioxide and produce glucose using ATP and NADPH.

General Biology: Metabolism, Digestion, Respiration, Cell Division, Photosynthesis, and Reproduction

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