Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To transfer electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2 to $$oxygen, creating a proton gradient for ATP synthesis

Question 2

A plant is exposed to light, but its thylakoid membranes are punctured so that the interior of the thylakoids is no longer separated from the stroma. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of ATP in the light reactions

Question 3

During glycolysis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why CAM plants are able to survive in arid environments?

Accepted Answer

They open their stomata at night to minimize water loss and store CO$$_2 as $$malic acid

Question 5

A cell with a defective spindle apparatus would have difficulty completing which phase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation

Question 7

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) and a man who does not have hemophilia have a son. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase

Question 9

A genetic cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) for a single gene with complete dominance will result in what phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 10

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 11

A patient’s cells are observed to lack density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cells will divide uncontrollably, potentially leading to tumor formation

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct product of the light reactions of photosynthesis and is used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 13

If a cell has 24 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

24

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not always assort independently?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the phases of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of interphase

Question 16

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have children. Which blood types are possible for their children?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to kinetochores and help separate sister chromatids

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can divide indefinitely?

Accepted Answer

They have lost normal cell cycle controls and can bypass checkpoints

General Biology: Midterm II Study Guide (Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, Genetics, Cell Division, Cancer, Inheritance)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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