Question 1

Which of the following best describes an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed primarily of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen

Question 2

Which statement correctly explains why carbon is the backbone of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex and diverse molecular structures

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 4

A dehydration reaction is important in the synthesis of which biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H$$_{2}$$O \rightarrow 2C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of ATP in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular processes

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein and amino acid

Question 8

Which statement best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that separates the cell from its environment

Question 10

Which of the following best describes complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of starch into glucose in the human intestine

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It increases membrane fluidity at low temperatures

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why proteins have such diverse functions in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids that can be arranged in countless sequences

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct equation for the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$Amino\ $$acid_1$$ + Amino\ $$acid_2$$ \rightarrow Dipeptide + H$$_{2}$$O$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a mutation in the DNA sequence coding for an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme may lose its ability to catalyze reactions, leading to metabolic disorders

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They store and transmit genetic information

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

General Biology: Organic Molecules, Macromolecules, and Nucleic Acids Study Guide 2

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