Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers from monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

A carbohydrate has the empirical formula $$C_n(H_2O)_n. $$What is the molecular formula for a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) via dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming the bilayer of cell membranes.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a lysosomal storage disease. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are considered less healthy than unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and can contribute to arterial plaque formation.

Question 8

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 9

Which functional group is commonly found in amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 10

A scientist discovers a cell with a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 11

Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP through cellular respiration

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 17

A cell is observed to have many vesicles and a prominent Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein secretion

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-$$glycosidic bonds, which most animals lack the enzymes to hydrolyze.

Question 20

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

General Biology Study Guide: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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