Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells without losing efficiency in nutrient uptake?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain internal membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions and increase efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Which of the following statements is most accurate about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic cell because it contains a nucleus and mitochondria.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a glandular cell that produces hormones?

Accepted Answer

It packages and modifies proteins for secretion.

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis, causing it to shrink.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key feature of the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the layer, allowing flexibility.

Question 6

A muscle cell requires large amounts of ATP for contraction. Which organelle would you expect to be especially abundant in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why small cells are more efficient at exchanging materials with their environment than large cells?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing more efficient diffusion.

Question 8

Which of the following processes requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its plasma membrane around them and forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid diffusion of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 11

A cell with a surface area of $$54.0\ \mathrm{cm}^2$$ and a volume of $$27.0\ \mathrm{cm}^3$$ has a surface area-to-volume ratio of:

Accepted Answer

$$2.0$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why estrogens can passively diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Estrogens are small, hydrophobic molecules that can dissolve in the lipid bilayer.

Question 14

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and burst. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of marker proteins (glycoproteins) in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Identifying the cell to the immune system

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

Question 17

A scientist calculates the surface area-to-volume ratio of a spherical cell with a radius of $$2\ \mathrm{cm}. $$What is the ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$1.5$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered to have evolved from a symbiotic relationship between two prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and reproduce independently within the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of selective permeability in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Only small, nonpolar molecules can diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer, while ions require transport proteins.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and breaking down harmful substances or cellular debris

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure and Membrane Transport

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