Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials such as oxygen and nutrients.

Question 2

Which organelle is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells, and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 3

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding the location of their genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have free-floating DNA in the cytoplasm.

Question 4

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of surface area-to-volume ratio for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 8

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way that cell signals are terminated?

Accepted Answer

Continuous activation of the receptor

Question 11

Which type of cell signaling pathway is the RAS pathway most closely associated with?

Accepted Answer

Receptor tyrosine kinase pathway

Question 12

What is the primary function of channel proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the passive movement of specific molecules across the membrane

Question 13

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death that is essential for development and homeostasis

Question 14

During insulin production, which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and exporting the hormone?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel without energy input

Question 16

Which equation represents the calculation for osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of placing a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both contain ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell using ATP.

Question 20

Which type of signal reception protein is directly involved in the neuromuscular junction to allow muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated ion channel

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cell Communication

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