Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy, often from ATP hydrolysis ($$ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} ).$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the passage of ions such as $$ \mathrm{Na^+} $$ and $$ \mathrm{K^+} .$$

Question 3

A cell is observed to have a high number of $$ \mathrm{Na^+/K^+} $$ ATPase pumps. What is the primary function of these pumps?

Accepted Answer

To actively transport $$ \mathrm{Na^+} $$ out of the cell and $$ \mathrm{K^+} $$ into the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients using ATP.

Question 4

Which process requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have DNA located in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in the cytoplasm.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum ($$ \mathrm{RER} )$$

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 8

Which type of endocytosis involves the cell engulfing large particles such as bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Which statement best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules.

Question 10

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$ \mathrm{O_2$} )$$

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 12

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

Which of the following is true about photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

It converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Question 14

What is the main purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To generate ATP and NADPH needed for the Calvin cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate energy for cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 16

Which statement about exergonic and endergonic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy input.

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which symptom is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ATP synthesis leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.

Question 18

Which of the following is a product of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} )$$

Question 19

Which cellular process is responsible for the uptake of liquid droplets into a cell?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell that is able to move large quantities of cholesterol into itself by binding to specific receptors. Which process is being used?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

General Biology Study Guide: Cell Transport, Cell Structure, and Metabolism

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