Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while cellular respiration returns it.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 3

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced, and where does this occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the function of ATP synthase. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The production of ATP via chemiosmosis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ in the absence of oxygen.

Question 6

In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why brown fat is significant in adult humans exposed to cold environments?

Accepted Answer

Brown fat generates heat by uncoupling the electron transport chain from ATP synthesis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct distinction between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 9

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which pathway will it use to continue producing ATP, and what is the end product?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation; lactic acid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide into sugar.

Question 12

Which experiment demonstrated that the oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from water and not carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Using isotopically labeled $$\mathrm{H_2$^{18}O}$$ and tracing the oxygen atoms to $$\mathrm{O_2$}$$ gas

Question 13

Which of the following correctly matches a plant type with its carbon fixation strategy?

Accepted Answer

C4 plants, such as corn, use spatial separation to fix carbon dioxide efficiently under high light and temperature.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of photosystems in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They capture solar energy and transfer excited electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 15

A plant exposed to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is likely to experience which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Increased rates of photosynthesis, up to a certain point

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by greenhouse gases trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, and is intensified by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis is considered one of the most ancient metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It does not require oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct comparison between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen, while facultative anaerobes can use oxygen if it is available.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Which of the following food molecules can be used to generate ATP through cellular respiration, and how are they integrated into the metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates can all be broken down and their components enter glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.

General Biology Study Guide: Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis (Chapters 6–7)

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