Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 2

A scientist measures the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction and finds $$\Delta G = -30 kJ/$$mol. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and will proceed spontaneously.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis synthesizing glucose from CO$$_2$$ and H$$_2O.$$

Question 4

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy barrier, allowing reactions to proceed at cellular temperatures.

Question 6

A plant cell is exposed to light and is actively photosynthesizing. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the flow of electrons during the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

Electrons flow from water to NADP$$^+$$, producing NADPH and O$$_2.$$

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 9

A mutation causes an enzyme in glycolysis to become nonfunctional. Which of the following is the most likely immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to convert glucose to pyruvate, reducing ATP yield.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH.

Question 11

In a genetic cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa), what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of codominance in humans?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why heat is not an effective way to drive chemical reactions in living cells?

Accepted Answer

Heat can denature proteins and disrupt cellular structures.

Question 14

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Water is oxidized; NADP$$^+ is $$reduced.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which of the following would most likely be observed in this patient’s cells?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of lactic acid due to reliance on fermentation.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+.$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site on the enzyme.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is translated to protein.

General Biology Study Guide: Energy, Metabolism, Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Genetics

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