Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a universal feature shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 2

The Miller-Urey experiment provided evidence for which hypothesis about the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

Complex organic molecules could form spontaneously under early Earth conditions

Question 3

Which evolutionary event is most responsible for the presence of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Primary endosymbiosis

Question 4

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with no nucleus, peptidoglycan in its cell wall, and the ability to survive in extreme environments. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 6

Which equation represents the radioactive decay used in radiometric dating to determine the age of rocks?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ e$$^{-\lambda t}$$

Question 7

Which metabolic strategy allows some prokaryotes to use inorganic molecules as an energy source?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 8

In constructing a phylogenetic tree, which principle is used to select the tree with the fewest evolutionary changes?

Accepted Answer

Parsimony

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the SAR supergroup is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains diatoms, brown algae, and ciliates.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 11

Which of the following is a major derived trait of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 12

A protist undergoes a life cycle in which the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular. What type of life cycle does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Sporic

Question 13

Which of the following is a limitation of using molecular clocks to estimate evolutionary divergence?

Accepted Answer

Molecular clocks assume constant mutation rates, which may not be accurate for all lineages.

Question 14

Which evolutionary event led to the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Primary endosymbiosis of an alpha-proteobacterium

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why diatoms are ecologically important?

Accepted Answer

They are major producers in aquatic ecosystems and contribute significantly to global oxygen production.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

Phylogenetic trees illustrate evolutionary relationships based on shared derived traits.

Question 17

Which equation would you use to calculate the half-life of a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{\lambda}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to distinguish Archaea from Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of surface area-to-volume ratio in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about protist diversity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protists exhibit a wide range of nutritional modes, body structures, and movement mechanisms.

General Biology Study Guide: Evolution, Classification, and Protists

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