Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five criteria used to define something as alive?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 2

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek observe with his microscope that was significant to biology?

Accepted Answer

He observed single-celled organisms (animalcules)

Question 3

Which experiment provided evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment

Question 4

Which statement best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 5

Natural selection acts on which level of biological organization?

Accepted Answer

Populations

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about radioactive isotopes?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation as they decay to a more stable form

Question 7

Which type of bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in partial charges?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 8

Water has a high specific heat due to which property?

Accepted Answer

Its hydrogen bonding

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why oil does not mix with water?

Accepted Answer

Oil molecules are non-polar and water is polar

Question 10

Which chemical reaction is responsible for the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis (condensation) reaction

Question 11

Given the amino acid structure below, which group determines the specific properties of each amino acid?

$$\mathrm{NH_2${-}CHR{-}COOH}$$

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 13

Which of the following is a purine base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 14

What type of bond links nucleotides together in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 15

During DNA replication, which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize the new strand?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 16

Which experiment demonstrated that DNA replication is semi-conservative?

Accepted Answer

Meselson-Stahl experiment

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose, DNA contains deoxyribose

Question 18

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an endothermic chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings

Question 20

Which scientist(s) used X-ray crystallography to help determine the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Macromolecules, and Molecular Genetics

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