$$\text{Atomic Mass} = \text{Number of Protons} + \text{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

A scientist is studying a newly discovered organism. Which characteristic would NOT be used to determine if it is living?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the type of chemical bond with its description?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond: attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a universal solvent?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 8

A protein is denatured when exposed to high heat. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 9

Which of the following cell structures is found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the atomic mass of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic Mass} = 	ext{Number of Protons} + 	ext{Number of Neutrons}$$

Question 12

Which process is responsible for moving large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery

Question 14

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of active transport in cells?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of glucose against its concentration gradient using ATP

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a prediction based on observations, while a theory is supported by extensive evidence.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon is the central element in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and lipid metabolism

Question 19

A cell membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic.' What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is flexible and made of many different molecules that move freely.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

General Biology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Definitions

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