Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate transport, act as receptors, and participate in cell signaling.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water will move into the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds, which can be released to drive cellular work.

Question 7

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps after intense exercise. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for the buildup of lactic acid in their muscles?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives ATP synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 10

A mutation causes a defect in a cell's G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) so that it cannot bind epinephrine. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not respond to epinephrine, resulting in reduced glycogen breakdown and lower blood sugar levels.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide to produce glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 13

Which of the following is a key difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and CO$$_2$$, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid only.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur more rapidly at cellular temperatures.

Question 15

A scientist measures the pH of a cell's cytoplasm and finds it to be unusually low (acidic). How might this affect enzyme activity in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity may decrease if the pH is outside the enzyme's optimal range.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They use water and light energy to produce ATP, NADPH, and O$$_2.$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

The flow of protons down their gradient through ATP synthase drives the synthesis of ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH, FADH$$_2$$, ATP, and releases CO$$_2.$$

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP synthase. Which of the following processes will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between passive and active transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their gradient.

General Biology Study Guide: Membrane Processes, Respiration, Fermentation, and Photosynthesis

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