Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of mitochondria

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A scientist is comparing the cell membranes of two different cell types. Which property allows membranes to remain flexible and self-healing?

Accepted Answer

Fluid mosaic structure

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and speed up reactions

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder affecting oxidative phosphorylation. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis via electron transport chain

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in

Question 10

Which of the following is a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 11

During photosynthesis, which equation correctly represents the overall process?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 13

Which type of microscopy would you use to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Question 14

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It accepts electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 16

Which phase of the Calvin cycle involves the fixation of carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylation

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It requires energy and involves vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only certain substrates

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate

General Biology Study Guide: The Cell, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis

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