Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions, increasing efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist is comparing the images produced by a light microscope and an electron microscope. Which of the following statements is correct regarding their differences?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopes use beams of electrons, allowing for much higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to actively transport 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between free energy change ($$ \Delta G $$), enthalpy change ($$ \Delta H $$), entropy change ($$ \Delta S $$), and temperature ($$ T ) in $$thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S $$

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood cells. What will happen to the patient's red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will remain the same size because there is no net movement of water.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have DNA located in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have DNA in the nucleoid region.

Question 7

During cellular respiration, which process directly produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is correct?

Accepted Answer

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site, reducing the enzyme's activity.

Question 11

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate undigested macromolecules.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the fluid mosaic model is used to describe the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids move laterally within the bilayer, creating a dynamic and flexible structure.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell requires large amounts of energy for its functions.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid diffusion of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 17

If the $$ \Delta G  of a $$reaction is negative, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and can occur spontaneously.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, facilitates cell movement, and organizes organelles.

Question 19

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of CO$$_2$$ produced?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of their electron transport chain. Which of the following symptoms would you most likely expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of lactic acid in muscle cells during exercise

General Biology Study Notes: Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cellular Energetics

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard