Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiont theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and double membranes, similar to certain prokaryotes.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and may burst (lyse).

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid diffusion of water molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following organelles is part of the endomembrane system and is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 9

A cell is using receptor-mediated endocytosis. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The cell takes in specific molecules after they bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy and are substrate specific.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of energy coupling in cells?

Accepted Answer

Using the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to drive an endergonic reaction.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The final product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a solution and becomes turgid. What does this indicate about the solution and the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell, and the cell is a plant cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules, while anabolic pathways consume energy to build molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the plasma membrane's permeability?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to cross more easily than others.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the proton pump in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to pump protons (H$$^+) $$out of the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Reception → Transduction → Response

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 20

A patient is given a drug that irreversibly denatures a key metabolic enzyme. What is the most likely effect on the patient's metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The metabolic pathway will slow down or stop due to loss of enzyme function.

General Biology Study Notes: Cell Structure, Membranes, and Metabolism (Chapters 4, 5, 6)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard