Question 1

According to twin studies, what does research suggest about the heritability of IQ?

Accepted Answer

Both genetic and environmental factors contribute significantly to IQ, with heritability estimates around 50%.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes Piaget's view of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development occurs in distinct stages, each characterized by unique ways of thinking.

Question 3

A child is able to solve conservation problems but struggles with abstract reasoning. According to Piaget, which stage is this child most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 4

Vygotsky emphasized the importance of which factor in cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Social interaction and cultural context

Question 5

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development includes which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Stages defined by conflicts that must be resolved for healthy development

Question 6

A 17-year-old is uncertain about his strengths and future career goals. According to Erikson, which psychosocial crisis is he experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Question 7

Which defense mechanism involves redirecting emotions from a threatening object to a safer substitute?

Accepted Answer

Displacement

Question 8

According to research, which parenting style is most associated with positive child outcomes such as high self-esteem and academic success?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of assimilation in Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

A child incorporates new experiences into existing schemas without changing them.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of the buffering hypothesis in stress research?

Accepted Answer

A person with strong social support experiences reduced negative effects of stress.

Question 11

According to Kohlberg's theory, which stage of moral development is characterized by adherence to universal ethical principles?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional

Question 12

Which of the following best describes crystallized intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulated knowledge and skills acquired through experience

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between genotype, environment, and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$Phenotype = Genotype + Environment$$

Question 14

A child who is able to use symbols and language but cannot yet perform logical operations is in which Piagetian stage?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the defense mechanism of projection?

Accepted Answer

Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to another person

Question 16

Which statement about fluid intelligence is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence decreases with age after early adulthood.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes Freud's concept of sublimation?

Accepted Answer

Redirecting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities

Question 18

A researcher is studying the effects of stress on immune function. Which variable would best represent a real-world application of the buffering hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Level of social support

Question 19

Which of the following is a challenge to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Children can sometimes perform tasks earlier than Piaget predicted.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of reaction formation?

Accepted Answer

Expressing exaggerated affection toward someone you dislike

General Biology Study Notes: Intelligence, Development, and Personality

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard