Question 1

Which of the following best describes the reaction by which a monomer becomes incorporated into a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis, which removes a water molecule to form a bond

Question 2

Which of the following is a structural carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 3

A triglyceride is formed by linking three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Question 4

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are usually solid at room temperature

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 6

Denaturation of a protein most directly affects which level(s) of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Secondary and tertiary structures

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Question 9

A cell is observed to have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration and is found in both plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and carbohydrates moving laterally

Question 13

Which of the following molecules would most easily diffuse across a pure phospholipid bilayer without the help of a transport protein?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 14

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may lyse due to water entering the cell

Question 15

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions across the plasma membrane. Which of the following correctly describes its action?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in, using ATP

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and anchoring cells

Question 19

Which of the following best defines amphipathic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Molecules that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell engulfing a large bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

General Biology Unit 1 Test Review Guidance

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