Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as used in biological research?

Accepted Answer

A cyclical process involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data analysis, and revision of hypotheses.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct binomial classification for modern humans?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 3

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the three eukaryotic kingdoms?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

A control group in an experiment is important because:

Accepted Answer

It allows comparison to the experimental group to determine the effect of the variable.

Question 6

Which equation correctly relates pH to the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 7

If the pH of a solution changes from 7 to 5, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

It increases by 100 times.

Question 8

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to dissolve many substances?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 10

Which of the following is a buffer commonly found in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate ($$HCO_3$$^-$$)

Question 11

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is important for peptide bond formation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 12

Which type of bond connects the monomers in a protein polymer?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a hydrolysis reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down a protein into amino acids using water

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about isomers?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Question 16

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a main function of phospholipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes

Question 19

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

Accepted Answer

It loses its three-dimensional shape and function.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between $$[H^+]$$ and $$[OH^-] in $$pure water at 25°C?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = [OH^-]$$

General Biology: Unity, Diversity, Scientific Method, Chemistry of Life, and Macromolecules

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