Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between connective tissue and epithelial tissue in terms of their structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue has a large amount of extracellular matrix, while epithelial tissue has very little extracellular matrix.

Question 2

A patient presents with hematuria, hearing loss, and ocular lesions. Genetic testing reveals a mutation affecting collagen synthesis. Which type of collagen is most likely affected in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Type IV collagen

Question 3

Which of the following is the main cell type responsible for synthesizing the majority of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblast

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why tendons are able to resist high tensile forces along one direction?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of dense regular connective tissue with parallel bundles of type I collagen fibers.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of proteoglycans in the ground substance of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They attract and retain water, contributing to the tissue's resistance to compression.

Question 6

A biopsy of a lymph node reveals a network of thin, branching fibers that stain with silver salts. These fibers are most likely composed of:

Accepted Answer

Type III collagen (reticular fibers)

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of collagen biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Procollagen is synthesized inside the fibroblast, secreted, and then cleaved extracellularly to form mature collagen fibrils.

Question 8

Which of the following connective tissue types is best suited for rapid diffusion of nutrients and waste products due to its loose arrangement of fibers and abundant ground substance?

Accepted Answer

Areolar (loose) connective tissue

Question 9

A patient with a genetic defect in fibrillin is most likely to have abnormalities in which connective tissue component?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the function of mast cells in connective tissue during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

They release histamine and other mediators that increase vascular permeability.

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_h$$), osmotic pressure ($$P_o$$), and net movement of tissue fluid ($$J) $$across a capillary wall?

Accepted Answer

$$J = P_h - P_o$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue in the body?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and insulation

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the main difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue has parallel collagen fibers, while dense irregular connective tissue has collagen fibers arranged in multiple directions.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

It is avascular and lacks a direct blood supply.

Question 15

Which of the following is a major function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates communication between cells and their environment.

Question 16

A researcher stains a tissue sample and observes large, pale cells with a single lipid droplet. Which cell type is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Unilocular adipocyte (white fat cell)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of multiadhesive glycoproteins such as fibronectin and laminin in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It consists of cells suspended in an extracellular matrix (plasma).

Question 19

A patient with Marfan syndrome has a mutation in the gene encoding fibrillin-1. Which of the following symptoms is most directly related to the function of elastic fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Aortic aneurysm due to weakened elastic tissue in the aorta

General Connective Tissue: Structure, Function, and Classification

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