Q: A population of 500 diploid flowers has two alleles at a locus: CR and CW. If 320 flowers are red (CRCR), 160 are pink (CRCW), and 20 are white (CWCW), what is the frequency of the CR allele?

$$f(CR) = \frac{(2 \times 320) + 160}{1000} = 0.8$$

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to increase genetic variation within a population?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involving crossing over and independent assortment

Question 2

A population of 500 diploid flowers has two alleles at a locus: CR and CW. If 320 flowers are red (CRCR), 160 are pink (CRCW), and 20 are white (CWCW), what is the frequency of the CR allele?

Accepted Answer

$$f(CR) = \frac{(2 	imes 320) + 160}{1000} = 0.8$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 4

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does $$2pq$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of heterozygous individuals

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 6

A population of birds is isolated on an island after a storm. Over generations, their allele frequencies differ significantly from the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 7

Which statement best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

It causes allele frequencies to change unpredictably, especially in small populations

Question 8

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of the recessive allele ($$q) is 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of homozygous recessive individuals?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2 = 0.09$

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Mating between cows from the central and eastern populations of the Dutch island of Vlieland

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why harmful mutations are often hidden in diploid organisms?

Accepted Answer

Harmful mutations are masked in heterozygotes by the presence of a normal allele

Question 11

Which type of selection favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes and reduces variation?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing selection

Question 12

A mutation that changes a base in a non-coding region of DNA but does not affect protein function is called:

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 13

Which of the following is a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Gametic isolation

Question 14

Which scenario best illustrates the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A population is drastically reduced by a natural disaster, and the survivors have different allele frequencies than the original population

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

It applies equally well to all sexually reproducing organisms

Question 16

Which process can result in reinforcement in a hybrid zone?

Accepted Answer

Hybrids are less fit than either parent species, leading to increased reproductive isolation

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Speciation following the formation of a mountain range that divides a population

Question 18

If a population of 1000 individuals has 600 dominant alleles and 400 recessive alleles at a locus, what are the allele frequencies for the dominant ($$p) $$and recessive ($$q) $$alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$p = 0.6$$, $$q = 0.4$$

Question 19

Which of the following is true about polyploidy in speciation?

Accepted Answer

Autopolyploid individuals have more than two chromosome sets derived from a single species

Genetic Variation, Evolution, and Speciation: Core Concepts in General Biology

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