Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration in eukaryotes?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + \text{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which phase of glycolysis requires an input of ATP and why?

Accepted Answer

Glucose activation phase, because ATP is used to phosphorylate glucose intermediates.

Question 4

What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To complete the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules.

Question 5

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 6

Chemiosmosis is essential for ATP synthesis in mitochondria. What drives the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

The diffusion of protons (H$$^+) $$down their concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 7

If oxygen is not present, what process do muscle cells use to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 9

How many turns of the Krebs cycle are required to completely oxidize one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a product of alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 11

A patient is suffering from a genetic defect that impairs the function of ATP synthase in mitochondria. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmotic ATP production

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why fats yield more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are oxidized to 2-carbon acetyl groups, which enter the Krebs cycle and generate more NADH and FADH$$_2$$ per gram.

Question 13

Which step in glycolysis is regulated by an enzyme that controls the pathway, and what is the significance of this regulation?

Accepted Answer

Step 3: Second phosphorylation; it is a regulatory step that determines the rate of glycolysis.

Question 14

During the electron transport chain, how many protons are moved from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space for every NADH molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Produces ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

A yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment. Which metabolic pathway will it use to generate energy, and what are the end products?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol fermentation; ethanol and CO$$_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is correct?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 18

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport combined)?

Accepted Answer

$$36$$

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain

Question 20

A marathon runner experiences muscle fatigue due to lack of oxygen. Which metabolic pathway is most likely responsible for the continued ATP production in their muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

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