Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of their chemical equations?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 4

What is the main purpose of fermentation in cells when oxygen is lacking?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD$$^+$$ for glycolysis

Question 5

Which of the following is produced during lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactate

Question 6

In the Krebs cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced per acetyl CoA that enters the cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 7

Which process directly uses a hydrogen ion gradient to synthesize ATP?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis

Question 8

If a poison such as cyanide inhibits enzymes in the electron transport chain, what is the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis will stop.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE about the ATP yield from the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule via glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$36$$ ATP

Question 10

Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria to convert milk into yogurt and cheese?

Accepted Answer

Lactate fermentation

Question 11

What is the role of NAD$$^+ in $$glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It accepts electrons and hydrogen ions to become NADH.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why fats are considered the most efficient energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are broken into 2C units that enter as acetyl CoA, yielding more ATP per molecule than glucose.

Question 13

During intense muscular activity, why do muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Because oxygen supply is insufficient for cellular respiration.

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 15

What would happen to the electron transport chain if oxygen were suddenly unavailable?

Accepted Answer

The chain would become saturated with electrons and ATP synthesis would stop.

Question 16

Which of the following steps occurs first in the breakdown of glucose in cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It transfers a phosphate group directly from a substrate to ADP.

Question 18

Which of the following is regenerated at the end of the Krebs cycle to allow the cycle to continue?

Accepted Answer

Oxaloacetate

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of mitochondrial DNA analysis?

Accepted Answer

Identifying human remains, such as King Richard III

Question 20

Which of the following statements about chemiosmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis captures energy in ATP as hydrogen ions flow down their gradient through ATP synthase.

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

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