Question 1

Which of the following traits is shared by both charophytes and land plants, but is absent in other protists?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a phragmoplast during cell division

Question 2

What is the primary function of sporopollenin in charophytes and land plants?

Accepted Answer

To prevent desiccation of exposed zygotes and spores

Question 3

Which of the following is a derived trait found in nearly all land plants but absent in charophytes?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations with multicellular, dependent embryos

Question 4

In the life cycle of land plants, what process leads from the haploid gametophyte to the diploid sporophyte?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of gametes (fertilization)

Question 5

Which structure in bryophytes anchors the gametophyte to the substrate but does NOT function in water absorption like true roots?

Accepted Answer

Rhizoid

Question 6

Why are bryophyte gametophytes generally ground-hugging and unable to grow tall?

Accepted Answer

They lack vascular tissue for structural support

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of apical meristems in land plants?

Accepted Answer

They enable continuous growth by localized cell division

Question 8

What is the ecological significance of peat moss (Sphagnum) in global carbon cycling?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a major reservoir of organic carbon, storing about 30% of soil carbon

Question 9

Which of the following statements about seedless vascular plants is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Their life cycle is dominated by the sporophyte generation

Question 10

What evolutionary advantage did the development of vascular tissue provide to early land plants?

Accepted Answer

It allowed plants to grow taller and compete for sunlight

Question 11

Which type of leaf is characterized by a single vein and is thought to have evolved as outgrowths of stems?

Accepted Answer

Microphyll

Question 12

In heterosporous plants, which type of spore gives rise to the female gametophyte?

Accepted Answer

Megaspore

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the alternation of generations in land plants?

Accepted Answer

$$n \xrightarrow{mitosis} n ($$gametophyte) \xrightarrow{fertilization} 2n$$ (sporophyte) \xrightarrow{meiosis} n ($$spores)$

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the massive growth of seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in atmospheric CO$$_2$$ leading to global cooling

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the first land plants benefited from living above the waterline?

Accepted Answer

They had access to more sunlight and CO$$_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of secondary metabolites in plants?

Accepted Answer

Deterring herbivores through chemical defense

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi?

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizal fungi helped early plants absorb nutrients and water from soil

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between homosporous and heterosporous plants?

Accepted Answer

Homosporous plants produce one type of spore, while heterosporous plants produce two types: megaspores and microspores

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of a bryophyte sporophyte?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a foot, a seta (stalk), and a sporangium (capsule)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water-conducting cells in vascular plants are strengthened by lignin?

Accepted Answer

Lignin provides structural support, allowing plants to grow tall and resist gravity

How Plants Colonized Land: From Algal Protists to Flowering Plants

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica