Q: A population of lizards has two alleles for a gene: A and a. If the frequency of allele A ($$p) is 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation.

Question 2

Which equation is used to calculate allele frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 3

A population of lizards has two alleles for a gene: A and a. If the frequency of allele A ($$p) is 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of microevolution?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 5

A population of finches on an island experiences a drought, resulting in only large, tough seeds being available. Over several generations, the average beak size increases. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 6

Which statement best explains why genetic variation is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It allows populations to adapt to changing environments through natural selection.

Question 7

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, large population size, and no gene flow.

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios illustrates gene flow?

Accepted Answer

A group of birds migrates to a new island and breeds with the local population, introducing new alleles.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A hurricane randomly kills most of a population of lizards, leaving only a few survivors to reproduce.

Question 10

Which process is most likely to increase the frequency of beneficial alleles in a population over time?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 11

A population of rabbits has a gene with two alleles, B and b. If $$p = 0.4$$ and $$q = 0.6$$, what is the expected frequency of homozygous recessive individuals ($$bb) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2 = 0.36$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection favors intermediate phenotypes and reduces variation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or temperament.

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely cause a population to evolve?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to natural selection.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the Sonoran Desert has such high biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

It is the product of millions of years of evolution, with species adapting to diverse environments.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of genetic drift in a small population?

Accepted Answer

Loss of genetic variation due to random changes in allele frequencies.

Question 18

A population of beetles is split by a river, and over time, the two groups evolve different colors. What evolutionary process is most likely responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation due to geographic isolation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct observation supporting evolution?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics over time.

Question 20

Which of the following is the best definition of microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies within a population over time.

How Populations Evolve: Mechanisms and Evidence of Evolution

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