$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It separates the cell from its environment and regulates the movement of substances in and out.

Question 2

Which cellular structure is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

A scientist discovers a cell with a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, no nucleus, and circular DNA. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

The endosymbiosis theory explains the origin of which two organelles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 6

Which of the following is a major advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It increases the efficiency of chemical reactions and separates incompatible processes.

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Storage and transmission of genetic information

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for processing, sorting, and shipping proteins synthesized in the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

In animal cells, which organelle acts as a recycling center by digesting macromolecules and exporting monomers to the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes through endosymbiosis.

Question 11

A plant cell is observed to have a large, membrane-bound structure that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes consist of RNA and proteins and perform translation.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 14

A cell is observed to have thylakoids, stroma, and two outer membranes. Which process is most likely to occur in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm includes all contents within the plasma membrane except the nucleus; cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

A cell is unable to export proteins to the plasma membrane. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the movement of a newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization by organelles increases efficiency and allows for larger cell size.

Inside the Cell – Organelles and Cell Structure

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