Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a universal feature of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles for compartmentalization

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism with cells containing branched isoprenoid chains in their phospholipids. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose its shape and become more susceptible to osmotic stress

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles that increase reaction efficiency

Question 6

Which organelle is the primary site for lipid synthesis and detoxification of harmful substances in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will first be synthesized in the cytosol and then directed to which organelle by a signal sequence?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Which process describes the recycling of a cell’s own damaged organelles by enclosing them in a membrane and fusing with a lysosome?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 9

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts supports the endosymbiosis theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of vesicles from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

A mutation in the gene encoding dynein would most directly affect which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Bending of cilia and flagella

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear localization signal (NLS)?

Accepted Answer

It directs proteins to the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex

Question 14

During receptor-mediated endocytosis, what is the fate of the vesicle after it pinches off from the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It delivers its cargo to the early endosome, which matures and eventually fuses with the lysosome

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Sorting and shipping proteins to their correct destinations

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 17

A cell is unable to add carbohydrate groups to proteins in the ER. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why animal cells do not burst in hypotonic solutions, unlike most prokaryotic cells lacking a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells are supported by an extracellular matrix

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of cytoskeletal dynamics in human health?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in keratin genes can lead to fragile skin and hair disorders

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of kinesin in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It walks along microtubules to transport vesicles using energy from ATP hydrolysis

Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard