Question 1

Which chemical modification would most increase the water solubility of a pure hydrocarbon molecule?

Accepted Answer

Adding a carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 2

Which of the following is the general chemical formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 3

Which functional group is found in all carbohydrates when in their linear form?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($$-C=O)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between a triacylglycerol and a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

Triacylglycerol has three fatty acids, phospholipid has two and a phosphate group

Question 5

Which type of chemical reaction forms a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis ($$A + B \rightarrow AB + H_2O)$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 7

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a polysaccharide used for structure in plants

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads face water and hydrophobic tails face each other

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It consists of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms

Question 11

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of RNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing protein synthesis (as ribosomes)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a saturated fat?

Accepted Answer

It contains only single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by the association of multiple polypeptide chains

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a phosphodiester bond in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

It links the 3' carbon of one sugar to the 5' carbon of the next sugar via a phosphate group

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of starch?

Accepted Answer

It is a branched polymer of glucose used for energy storage in plants

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It disrupts secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures but leaves the primary structure intact

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Accepted Answer

Purines have two rings, pyrimidines have one ring

Macromolecules and Their Biological Functions: Study Guide

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