Question 1

A cross between a red-flowered snapdragon (RR) and a white-flowered snapdragon (WW) produces all pink-flowered offspring (RW). What type of inheritance does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 2

In a certain species of cattle, both red hair (R) and white hair (W) are dominant alleles. When a red-haired cow is crossed with a white-haired bull, the offspring have both red and white hairs (roan). Which inheritance pattern is demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 3

A person with sickle cell disease exhibits multiple symptoms, including anemia, pain, and organ damage. Which genetic concept does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 4

Human skin color is determined by the additive effects of several genes. Which inheritance pattern does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 5

In Labrador retrievers, one gene determines the pigment color (B = black, b = brown), and another gene (E) determines whether pigment is deposited in the fur. If a dog has genotype ee, it will be yellow regardless of the B gene. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 6

A plant with genotype $$Rr ($$where $$R is $$red and $$r is $$white, showing incomplete dominance) is crossed with another $$Rr$$ plant. What is the probability that an offspring will have pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why identical twins raised in different environments may have different phenotypes?

Accepted Answer

Environmental influence on gene expression

Question 8

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of multiple alleles in humans?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood group system

Question 10

A Punnett square is used to predict the outcome of a cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants ($$Tt 	imes Tt). $$What is the probability that an offspring will be short?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene for flower color is masked by a gene for pigment production

Question 12

If a trait is controlled by polygenic inheritance, which of the following is most likely to be observed in a population?

Accepted Answer

A continuous range of phenotypes

Question 13

A Himalayan rabbit has black fur on its ears, nose, and feet, but white fur elsewhere. When raised in a warm environment, the black fur patches are reduced. What does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Environmental influence on phenotype

Question 14

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects multiple traits

Question 15

A cross between two individuals with genotypes $$I^A i$$ and $$I^B i ($$where $$I^A$$ and $$I^B$$ are codominant alleles for blood type) can produce offspring with which blood types?

Accepted Answer

A, B, AB, or O

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype

Question 17

A geneticist is studying a trait controlled by two genes. She notices that the expression of one gene depends on the presence of a specific allele of the other gene. Which inheritance pattern is she observing?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person with the genotype $$I^A I^B$$ has blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are codominant and both antigens are expressed

Question 19

A researcher observes that the height of corn plants in a field shows a bell-shaped curve when plotted. Which genetic principle does this observation support?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 20

A child is born with a genetic disorder that affects both their nervous system and skin pigmentation. Which genetic concept is most likely responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance: Study Notes for General Biology

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