Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's 'particulate hypothesis' of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) that retain their identity in offspring.

Question 2

In Mendel's classic monohybrid cross between true-breeding purple-flowered and white-flowered pea plants, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

A plant with genotype $$Yy ($$yellow seeds) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$yy ($$green seeds). What fraction of the offspring will have green seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation, so each gamete gets only one allele.

Question 5

In a dihybrid cross of $$YyRr 	imes YyRr$$, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with the genotype $$yyrr$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 6

A testcross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype for a dominant trait and a homozygous recessive plant. If half the offspring display the recessive phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 7

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated when a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces offspring with pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 8

A woman with blood type AB ($$I^A I^B) $$and a man with blood type O ($$ii) $$have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A gene that affects both red blood cell shape and resistance to malaria

Question 10

In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes: one for pigment color (B = black, b = brown) and one for pigment deposition (E = pigment, e = no pigment). What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring of a $$BbEe 	imes BbEe$$ cross?

Accepted Answer

$$9$$ black : $$3$$ chocolate : $$4$$ yellow

Question 11

A couple, both carriers for cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive), have a child. What is the probability that their child will be a carrier but not affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute additively to a single trait

Question 13

If a trait is recessive and both parents are unaffected but have an affected child, what are the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous carriers

Question 14

A man with blood type B (genotype $$I^B i) $$and a woman with blood type A (genotype $$I^A i) $$have a child. What is the probability that their child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens on red blood cells.

Question 16

In a cross between $$AaBbCc$$ and $$AaBbCc$$, what is the probability of producing an offspring with the genotype $$aabbcc$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{64}$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about dominance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominance describes how alleles interact in the heterozygote, not their frequency.

Question 18

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and is present in both males and females. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why larger sample sizes in Mendel's experiments produced ratios closer to the expected values?

Accepted Answer

Random fertilization causes variation, but larger samples reduce the effect of chance.

Question 20

A woman with genotype $$I^A i ($$type A blood) and a man with genotype $$I^B i ($$type B blood) have a child. What is the probability that the child will have type AB blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Mendelian Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance: Study Guide

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