Question 1

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, if a homozygous purple-flowered plant (PP) is crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant (pp), what will be the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: Pp; Phenotype: Purple

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Two different alleles for a gene, such as Aa

Question 3

Given a population where the frequency of allele $$p is 0.7$$, what is the frequency of allele $$q$$?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.3$$

Question 4

Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$, if p = 0.6$ and q = 0.4$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes in the population?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.48$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Population size is very small

Question 6

A population of mice has two alleles for fur color: $$A ($$brown) and $$a ($$white). If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and $$p = 0.8$$, what is the expected frequency of white-furred homozygotes ($$aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2 = 0.04$

Question 7

Which process can increase the proportion of homozygous individuals in a population?

Accepted Answer

Assortative mating

Question 8

What is the effect of gene flow between two previously isolated populations?

Accepted Answer

It homogenizes allele frequencies between populations

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A flood drastically reduces the size of a population, changing allele frequencies

Question 10

In a population, which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Human birth weights where intermediate weights have the highest survival rates

Question 12

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can you infer?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary forces are acting on the population

Question 13

Which of the following is required for natural selection to result in evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 14

A population of pocket mice lives on dark rocks. Over time, the population becomes predominantly dark-colored. Which type of selection is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 15

Which mechanism of evolutionary change is most likely to cause a population to lose advantageous alleles purely by chance?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 16

If a population of birds is split into two groups by a mountain range and no gene flow occurs, what is the most likely long-term outcome?

Accepted Answer

The two populations may become genetically distinct

Question 17

Which of the following statements about phenotype and genotype is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype is the physical appearance resulting from the genotype

Question 18

A population of 1000 individuals has allele frequencies $$p = 0.5$$ and $$q = 0.5. $$According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals are expected to be heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

500

Question 19

Which evolutionary mechanism can both promote and constrain local adaptation depending on the context?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct consequence of a population bottleneck?

Accepted Answer

Reduced genetic variation

Mendelian Genetics and Population Genetics: Principles and Applications

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