Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

The two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype Pp is allowed to self-pollinate. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$ purple to white

Question 3

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous Labrador retrievers (BbEe), what is the expected phenotypic ratio for black, chocolate, and yellow labs, considering epistasis?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:4 ($$black:chocolate:yellow)

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects both eye color and skin color in humans.

Question 5

A woman who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis (genotype Cc) and a man who is also a carrier (genotype Cc) have a child. What is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces pink-flowered offspring.

Question 7

If a man with blood type AB marries a woman with blood type O, what are the possible blood types of their children?

Accepted Answer

A and B only

Question 8

Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive alleles in heterozygotes.

Question 9

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sickle-cell disease is more common in certain populations?

Accepted Answer

The sickle-cell allele provides resistance to malaria in heterozygotes.

Question 11

If two individuals with the genotype AaBb (for two independently assorting genes) are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will have the genotype aabb?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens.

Question 13

In polygenic inheritance, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes independently affect a single trait.

Question 14

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype. Which of the following would indicate the individual is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Some offspring display the recessive phenotype.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation.

Question 16

A man with polydactyly (a dominant trait) and a woman with normal digits have a child with normal digits. What is the man’s genotype?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a recessively inherited disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 18

If a woman with genotype EeBb (for two genes showing independent assortment) mates with a man of genotype eeBb, what is the probability that their child will have genotype eeBB?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{8}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why consanguineous matings increase the risk of recessive genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Close relatives are more likely to carry the same rare recessive allele.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Two organisms with the same phenotype can have different genotypes.

CH 14: Mendelian Genetics: Principles and Patterns of Inheritance

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