Question 1

Which of the following best describes metabolism in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism.

Question 2

A child climbs to the top of a slide and then slides down. Which statement best describes the energy transformation involved?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as the child slides down.

Question 3

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of free energy ($$G) in a $$biological system?

Accepted Answer

$$G = H - TS$$

Question 5

A reaction has a negative $$\Delta G. $$Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and spontaneous.

Question 6

Which molecule contains the most free energy?

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 7

Which of the following reactions has a positive $$\Delta G$$?

Accepted Answer

Formation of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group.

Question 8

Enzymes act as biological catalysts by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

Question 9

Which of the following factors can improve the effectiveness of an allosteric enzyme? (Select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

Allosteric activator

Question 10

In a redox reaction, which molecule gains energy?

Accepted Answer

The reduced molecule

Question 11

A patient presents with an abundance of an intermediate substrate in a metabolic pathway. Which is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A nonfunctioning enzyme that acts on that substrate.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis drives endergonic reactions by coupling them to exergonic processes.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a way enzymes lower activation energy?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration of substrate.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down molecules to release energy.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme, regulating the pathway.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about cofactors and coenzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cofactors can be inorganic ions or organic molecules that assist enzyme function.

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Accepted Answer

Adding a noncompetitive inhibitor.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Disorder (entropy) in the universe tends to increase or stay constant.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites that bind specific substrates, often described by the induced fit model.

Metabolism, Energy, and Enzymes: Foundations of Cellular Function

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