Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following sequences is recognized by the sigma factor to initiate RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The promoter region

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the function of the spliceosome during mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA.

Question 4

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from 5'-ATG GAA TGA-3' to 5'-ATG GAC TGA-3'. Using the genetic code, what is the effect on the resulting polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid is changed from glutamic acid to aspartic acid.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between the template and non-template strands of DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The template strand is read by RNA polymerase in the 3' to 5' direction to synthesize mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a component of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor

Question 7

What is the correct order of events during translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

Which statement best describes a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another.

Question 10

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the role of NAD+ during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 12

A patient is unable to produce sufficient ATP due to a defect in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

The main goal of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 15

If a DNA sequence is 5'-TAC GGA TTT-3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence after transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUG CCU AAA-3'

Question 16

Which of the following best describes how carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are used as fuel for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all broken down into intermediates that enter cellular respiration at different points.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of mitochondria and its role in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The inner membrane houses the proteins of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.

Question 18

A scientist isolates a cell and finds that it contains high levels of rRNA but low levels of tRNA and mRNA. Which cellular structure is most likely being produced in abundance?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 19

During translation, what is the function of the A site of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It is where the tRNA carrying the next amino acid enters the ribosome.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Molecular Biology and Cellular Respiration: Key Concepts and Processes

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