Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between ruminants and hindgut fermentors in terms of digestion?

Accepted Answer

Ruminants have a multi-chambered stomach for microbial fermentation before the small intestine, while hindgut fermentors ferment fiber in the large intestine after the small intestine.

Question 2

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; promotes calcium absorption for bone health

Question 3

A sheep is found to have elevated blood levels of copper. What is the most likely consequence, based on mineral toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Copper toxicity can be fatal to sheep, as sheep are highly sensitive to copper overload.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct chemical formula for glucose, the most common monosaccharide in plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 5

Which process in cellular respiration directly produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

Question 6

Why are unsaturated fatty acids considered healthier than saturated fatty acids for humans?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds that lower LDL cholesterol and reduce heart disease risk.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is not digestible by most animals, but is digestible by ruminants?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a polysaccharide with beta-glycosidic bonds, which most animals lack enzymes to break, but ruminants have microbes that can digest it.

Question 8

Which mineral is essential for nerve impulse transmission due to its role in ion exchange, and what is a symptom of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Potassium; irregular heartbeat

Question 9

A mutation in the gene coding for hemoglobin causes sickle-cell anemia. What is the molecular basis for this disease?

Accepted Answer

A change in the folding of the protein due to a single amino acid substitution

Question 10

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can accumulate in the body and may become toxic if consumed in excess.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main energy currency produced during cellular respiration, used to power cellular processes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Major component of cell membranes, forming a bilayer

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water-soluble vitamins must be consumed regularly?

Accepted Answer

They are excreted in urine if consumed in excess and are not stored in the body.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of B vitamins in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

B vitamins act as coenzymes required for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids, with possible combinations being vast due to 20 different amino acids.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct function of iron in the body?

Accepted Answer

Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen and can be combusted as a source of energy.

Nutrient and Energy Flow in Animals: General Biology Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard