Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential nutrient for an organism?

Accepted Answer

A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be obtained from the environment.

Question 2

Which chemical group is represented by the formula $$-COOH$$?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 3

A patient is found to have a deficiency in vitamin D. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol in the skin with sunlight

Question 4

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 5

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have fewer hydrogens and contain double bonds.

Question 6

Which mineral is toxic to sheep at elevated levels, even though it is essential for other species?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Question 7

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 8

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ is most likely which type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 10

Which chemical group is important for energy transfer in cells and is found in ATP?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-})$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cellulose is true?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants and is difficult for most animals to digest without microbial help.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of nutrients in organisms?

Accepted Answer

Acting as a waste product for elimination

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why omega-3 fatty acids are considered essential for humans?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained from the diet.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major component of animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 15

A molecule contains a carbon skeleton with rings and is a precursor for hormone synthesis. Which class of lipid does it belong to?

Accepted Answer

Steroids

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a chemical group and its function?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-}$$): energy transfer

Question 17

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Some vitamins require minerals to function properly.

Question 18

Which of the following is a common misconception about carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

All carbohydrates are monosaccharides.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the molecular diversity of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon chains vary in length and shape, which changes biological activity.

Question 20

A scientist is studying a molecule with the following structure: a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Fat (triglyceride)

Nutrition and Biological Macromolecules: Essential Concepts in General Biology

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