Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 2

During photosynthesis, which molecule is reduced and which is oxidized?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2 is $$reduced and H$$_2O is $$oxidized

Question 3

Which process is exergonic and which is endergonic in the ecosystem energy cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration is exergonic; photosynthesis is endergonic

Question 4

Which of the following organisms are considered heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Humans

Question 5

Why do plants appear green to human eyes?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red wavelengths and reflects/transmits green light

Question 6

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 7

What is the main function of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (Calvin) cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To fix carbon dioxide and produce carbohydrates

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why closing stomata during hot, dry conditions can decrease photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It limits CO$$_2$$ uptake, reducing the rate of the Calvin cycle

Question 9

Which process is complementary to photosynthesis in the ecosystem energy cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 10

What is the role of water in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is split to provide electrons and protons, releasing O$$_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the action spectrum of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis is most efficient at blue and red wavelengths

Question 12

What is photorespiration and why is it considered inefficient?

Accepted Answer

It occurs when RuBisCO binds O$$_2$$ instead of CO$$_2$$, leading to loss of fixed carbon

Question 13

Which adaptation allows C$$_4$$ plants to minimize photorespiration in hot, dry environments?

Accepted Answer

Spatial separation of CO$$_2$$ fixation and the Calvin cycle

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose; respiration releases energy from glucose

Question 15

A scientist uses labeled $$H_2$$^{18}O$$ and CO_2$ to trace the source of oxygen released during photosynthesis. Which result supports the conclusion that water is the source of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Plants given labeled $$H_2$$^{18}O$$ release labeled O_2$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of photons in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photons excite electrons in chlorophyll, initiating the light-dependent reactions

Question 17

Which pigment absorbs blue and green light and transmits yellow, orange, or red light?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of decreased atmospheric CO$$_2$$ levels for photosynthetic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced rate of photosynthesis due to limited carbon source

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process that integrates both light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, generating ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle to fix CO$$_2$$ into glucose

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a property of light relevant to photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Light can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected by pigments

Photosynthesis and Related Processes: Study Notes for General Biology

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