Question 1

Which of the following taxonomic categories includes the fewest number of species?

Accepted Answer

Panthera

Question 2

Animals that possess homologous structures most likely:

Accepted Answer

Evolved from a common ancestor

Question 3

Which would be the most suitable outgroup species for a cladogram involving the other answer choices: dog, iguana, snake, penguin, cat?

Accepted Answer

Iguana

Question 4

Which is the correct way to write the scientific name for humans?

Accepted Answer

$$	extit{Homo sapiens}$$

Question 5

When describing a group of animals, you speak about an ancestral species and some but not all of its descendants. This is an example of a _____ group.

Accepted Answer

Paraphyletic

Question 6

Hair on mammals, when compared to other vertebrates, is an example of a _____ .

Accepted Answer

Shared derived character

Question 7

Which broad taxonomic group is NOT a domain?

Accepted Answer

Plantae

Question 8

Which is the closest relative of the group composed of cetaceans and hippopotamuses?

Accepted Answer

Other even-toed ungulates

Question 9

Which would be the best outgroup for a phylogenetic tree of mammals, including cetaceans and carnivores?

Accepted Answer

Jellyfish (jellies)

Question 10

Identify the sister taxon to seals in the provided phylogenetic tree.

Accepted Answer

Other carnivores

Question 11

According to the tree, which is most distantly related to the other even-toed ungulates?

Accepted Answer

Bears

Question 12

If you were putting members of each of the following taxonomic categories in a box, which would need the biggest box?

Accepted Answer

Domain

Question 13

You discover two trees that each have thorns to protect from herbivores, but they are in different classes of plants, and many non-thorny plants are between them on the tree of life. What has happened?

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution

Question 14

You are studying a strange new organism. Examination of its structure shows it to be truly multicellular. Where would you begin to classify it?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 15

Which of the following could be homologous between two taxa?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 16

If all fluglesnorts have green hair and long claws, but some fluglesnorts have short claws, then:

Accepted Answer

Short claws are a shared derived character, and green hair is a shared derived character

Question 17

Why is using shared derived characters (synapomorphies) to figure out how organisms are related better than using shared ancestral characters (symplesiomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

Shared derived characters indicate more recent common ancestry

Question 18

Genes for the oxygen-carrying proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin descend from a common ancestor but act in different ways today. They are:

Accepted Answer

Paralogous

Question 19

A researcher is constructing a phylogenetic tree using DNA sequences. She finds that two species share a unique mutation not found in any other species. This mutation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A shared derived character

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a polyphyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes species with different ancestors

Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Taxonomy: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard