Q: Given the Lincoln index formula for estimating population size: $$N = \frac{n_1$ \times n_2$}{n_r}$$, where $$n_1 is $$the number of individuals caught and marked initially, $$n_2 is $$the number caught in the second sample, and $$n_r is $$the number of marked individuals recaptured, what would be the estimated population size if $$n_1 = 40$, n_2$ = 50$$, and $$n_r = 10$$?

$$N = \frac{40 \times 50}{10} = 200$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of a population in biology?

Accepted Answer

A group of organisms of the same species living in a given area and interbreeding.

Question 2

When estimating population size using the mark–release–recapture method, which assumption is critical for the Lincoln index to be valid?

Accepted Answer

All individuals have an equal chance of being recaptured and the population is closed.

Question 3

Given the Lincoln index formula for estimating population size: $$N = \frac{n_1$ 	imes n_2$}{n_r}$$, where $$n_1 is $$the number of individuals caught and marked initially, $$n_2 is $$the number caught in the second sample, and $$n_r is $$the number of marked individuals recaptured, what would be the estimated population size if $$n_1 = 40$, n_2$ = 50$$, and $$n_r = 10$$?

Accepted Answer

$$N = \frac{40 	imes 50}{10} = 200$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent factor that regulates population size?

Accepted Answer

Competition for food resources.

Question 5

In the logistic model of population growth, what does the carrying capacity ($$K) $$represent?

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of individuals that can be supported indefinitely by the environment.

Question 6

Which phase of the logistic (sigmoidal) population growth curve is characterized by rapid population increase due to abundant resources?

Accepted Answer

Exponential phase

Question 7

A population of rabbits in a field is regulated by predation from foxes. If the rabbit population increases, what is the most likely density-dependent feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Predation will increase, causing the rabbit population to decrease.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A bee pollinating a flower, where both benefit.

Question 9

Which statement best explains why random sampling does not guarantee that the sample is representative of the entire population?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling only ensures that the selection process is unbiased, not that the sample matches the population exactly.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of intraspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

Members of the same species of fish competing for food in a pond.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the mark–release–recapture method?

Accepted Answer

Marked individuals are more likely to be recaptured than unmarked ones.

Question 12

Which interspecific relationship is best illustrated by the interaction between a parasite and its host?

Accepted Answer

Parasitism

Question 13

Why do invasive species often outcompete endemic species in new environments?

Accepted Answer

Invasive species lack natural predators and density-dependent factors that regulate their populations.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of resource competition between endemic and invasive species?

Accepted Answer

A native plant species losing ground to a non-native species that absorbs nutrients more efficiently.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the plateau phase in the logistic model of population growth?

Accepted Answer

Population growth slows and stabilizes as density-dependent factors limit further growth.

Question 16

Which of the following is a density-independent factor affecting population size?

Accepted Answer

A severe drought.

Question 17

In a community, which relationship involves one species benefiting while the other is unaffected?

Accepted Answer

Commensalism

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct application of the Lincoln index formula for population estimation?

Accepted Answer

$$N = \frac{n_1$ 	imes n_2$}{n_r}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of interspecific competition?

Accepted Answer

A lion and a hyena competing for the same prey.

Population Ecology and Community Interactions: Study Notes for General Biology

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