Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the moderation of coastal climates compared to inland climates?

Accepted Answer

Water's high specific heat

Question 2

A solution at pH 4 has how many times more hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) $$than a solution at pH 7?

Accepted Answer

$$1000$$ times more

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why sweating cools the body?

Accepted Answer

Sweat absorbs heat as it evaporates due to water's high heat of vaporization

Question 4

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate hydrogen ions to solution

Question 5

If the pH of a solution changes from 6 to 8, what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It decreases by 100 times

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions

Question 7

What is the main reason carbon dioxide emissions are causing ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$ reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers pH and decreases carbonate ion concentration

Question 8

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when:

Accepted Answer

One atom is much more electronegative than the other

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between atomic structure and chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

The number of electrons in the valence shell determines an atom's reactivity

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a hydrophilic substance?

Accepted Answer

A substance that has charges or partial charges that can form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 12

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its structure?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group: $$-PO_4$^{2-}$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about van der Waals interactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions due to transient local partial charges

Question 14

A hydrogen bond is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the specific heat of water?

Accepted Answer

It is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by $$1^{\circ}C$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules farther apart in ice than in liquid water

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of water's high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Some insects can walk on the surface of water

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing atmospheric CO$$_2 on $$ocean chemistry?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the concentration of carbonate ions ($$CO_3$$^{2-}$$)

Question 19

Which of the following statements about ionic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds form as a result of attraction between ions that have opposite charges

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They lack charges or partial charges, so water cannot form hydrogen bonds with them

Properties of Water, Chemical Bonds, and Atomic Structure: General Biology Study Notes

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