Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by two membranes because they originated from the engulfment of prokaryotic cells during primary endosymbiosis.

Question 2

A scientist discovers an organelle with three surrounding membranes in a protist. Which evolutionary process most likely explains its origin?

Accepted Answer

Secondary endosymbiosis

Question 3

Which of the following statements about alternation of generations is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves both multicellular diploid (sporophyte) and multicellular haploid (gametophyte) stages.

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for producing haploid spores in the alternation of generations life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Sporangia

Question 5

A paramecium exchanges genetic material with another paramecium through a process called:

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the macronucleus in paramecia?

Accepted Answer

It controls everyday cellular functions.

Question 7

Giardia intestinalis is a protist that causes disease in humans. Which structure does it use for locomotion?

Accepted Answer

Multiple flagella

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Primary endosymbiosis involves engulfing a prokaryote, while secondary endosymbiosis involves engulfing a eukaryote.

Question 9

Which life cycle stage of Plasmodium infects human red blood cells and reproduces asexually?

Accepted Answer

Merozoite

Question 10

A cell with $$2n$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis. What is the chromosome number in each resulting cell?

Accepted Answer

$$n$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary significance of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

It led to the origin of key eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 12

Which protist is capable of both photosynthesis and ingesting food, and moves using a flagellum?

Accepted Answer

Euglena

Question 13

In the alternation of generations, which process produces gametes from the gametophyte?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 15

A scientist observes a protist moving by extending its cytoplasm to form 'false feet.' Which structure is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Pseudopodia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of gametocytes in the Plasmodium life cycle?

Accepted Answer

They develop into gametes under specific conditions.

Question 17

Which process results in two genetically identical diploid daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about algae is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are photosynthetic protists with chloroplasts acquired through primary endosymbiosis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of symbiosis resulting in a major evolutionary innovation?

Accepted Answer

The origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells through primary endosymbiosis.

Question 20

If a diploid sporophyte ($$2n) $$produces spores by meiosis, and each spore develops into a haploid gametophyte ($$n$$), which process restores the diploid state in the life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Protists: Endosymbiosis, Life Cycles, and Locomotion

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