$$\text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing phospholipids in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

A mutation causes the nuclear pores of a cell to become nonfunctional. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 3

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 4

During phagocytosis, which organelle fuses with the food vacuole to digest engulfed material?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 6

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

If a cell's lysosomes are nonfunctional, which process would be most impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 9

A scientist isolates a cell and observes that it lacks membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 10

Which organelle is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion or membrane insertion

Question 12

A freshwater protist uses contractile vacuoles to maintain osmotic balance. What is the main function of these vacuoles?

Accepted Answer

Pump excess water out of the cell

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for recycling the cell's own organelles and macromolecules through autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes synthesize proteins using information from RNA

Question 15

Which equation best represents the translation process carried out by ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 16

A cell is unable to sort and package proteins into vesicles. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of turgor pressure

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}) in $$cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the nuclear envelope is considered a double membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of two lipid bilayers

Question 20

A cell is observed to have both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which statement best describes the difference between these two regions?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes

Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells

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