Q: Which process involves the removal of a water molecule to join two monomers together, and what is the general equation for this reaction?

Dehydration synthesis; $$\text{Monomer}_1 + \text{Monomer}_2 \rightarrow \text{Polymer} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its building block and a primary biological function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins / Amino acids / Catalyze chemical reactions

Question 2

Which process involves the removal of a water molecule to join two monomers together, and what is the general equation for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; $$	ext{Monomer}_1 + 	ext{Monomer}_2 ightarrow 	ext{Polymer} + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. Which structural difference between these polysaccharides explains this?

Accepted Answer

Starch is made of $$\alpha-$$glucose, while cellulose is made of $$\beta-$$glucose.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, releasing water.

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by interactions between R groups, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 7

A mutation changes the amino acid sequence of a protein, causing it to lose its shape and function. What term describes this loss of structure?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the three components of a nucleotide and their chemical roles?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group (backbone), pentose sugar (backbone), nitrogenous base (genetic code)

Question 9

Which statement best explains why chaperone proteins are important in cells?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the proper folding of other proteins, preventing misfolding and aggregation.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the three-dimensional structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double-stranded helix with antiparallel strands and complementary base pairing

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a purine and a pyrimidine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine and Thymine

Question 12

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalization that allows for specialized functions within organelles.

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins and lipids for transport within the cell, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus; modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Translate mRNA into proteins

Question 15

A scientist uses cell fractionation to isolate mitochondria from a cell. What property of mitochondria allows them to be separated from other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Their size and density

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between free and bound ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Free ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, while bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the biological importance of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails create a semi-permeable barrier.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It organizes and protects the cell's DNA, controlling communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of symbiosis in cellulose digestion by animals?

Accepted Answer

Microbes in the gut break down cellulose, allowing animals to absorb nutrients.

Structure and Function of Large Biological Macromolecules & A Tour of the Cell

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