Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the spinal cord in the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It conveys information to and from the brain and can generate basic patterns of locomotion and reflexes independently.

Question 2

A patient is unable to move their right arm voluntarily but still exhibits a normal knee-jerk reflex. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

The patient's voluntary motor pathways are damaged, but the spinal cord circuits responsible for reflexes are intact.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS and regulates movement and the internal environment.

Question 4

Which type of neuron carries signals from sensory organs toward the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons

Question 5

A person is startled by a loud noise, causing their heart rate to increase and pupils to dilate. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for these changes?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Participating in the formation of the blood-brain barrier

Question 8

The enteric nervous system is unique among the divisions of the autonomic nervous system because it:

Accepted Answer

Exerts direct, partially independent control over the digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are described as having antagonistic effects?

Accepted Answer

They have opposite effects on target organs, with one promoting arousal and the other promoting calming functions.

Question 10

A person is digesting a large meal in a relaxed state. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active during this time?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of efferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

A person’s hand pulls away from a hot stove after touching it.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding glial cells?

Accepted Answer

They nourish, support, and regulate neurons.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between the motor system and the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The motor system carries signals to skeletal muscles and can be voluntary or involuntary, while the autonomic system regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and is generally involuntary.

Question 14

A researcher blocks the function of oligodendrocytes in a laboratory animal. Which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The animal will have impaired formation of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a reflex?

Accepted Answer

An automatic response to a stimulus, often mediated by the spinal cord independently of the brain.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Directly controlling the contraction of skeletal muscles via efferent neurons

Question 17

A person is exposed to a stressful situation, resulting in increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which equation best represents the energy mobilization that occurs during this 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Glycogen} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose} + 	ext{Energy} $$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the blood-brain barrier is important for brain function?

Accepted Answer

It restricts the entry of most substances into the brain, protecting neural tissue from toxins and pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in the nervous system during a withdrawal reflex (e.g., touching a hot object)?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron → CNS (spinal cord) → efferent neuron → muscle

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct pairing of glial cell type and its function?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes: participate in the blood-brain barrier

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard