Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form such a wide variety of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing for complex branching and ring structures.

Question 2

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-\mathrm{NH}_2) $$and carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 3

What is the process called when monomers are joined together to form polymers, and what is released during this process?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}) is $$released

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A large molecule made by joining many smaller subunits (monomers) together

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis between two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{22}\mathrm{O}_{11} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 6

Which of the following biomolecules is hydrophobic and primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 7

Which of the following is the most biologically important monosaccharide in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

What is the main chemical difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform a wider variety of functions than polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids with diverse R groups, allowing for complex structures and functions.

Question 11

What is the name of the bond formed between two amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 12

Which part of an amino acid determines its unique chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

R group (side chain)

Question 13

A nonpolar amino acid is most likely to be found in which part of a protein that is embedded in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

In the region interacting with the hydrophobic core of the membrane

Question 14

Which level of protein structure is primarily stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 15

What happens to a protein when it denatures?

Accepted Answer

Its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures are disrupted, causing loss of function.

Question 16

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause protein denaturation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

High fever (increased temperature)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a triacylglycerol and a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A triacylglycerol has three fatty acids attached to glycerol, while a phospholipid has two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 19

Which of the following is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the folding of hemoglobin. Which level(s) of protein structure are most likely to be affected, and what is the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures; hemoglobin will lose its function and may cause disease symptoms.

Study Guide: Biological Molecules (General Biology)

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