Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cell division in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, repair damaged tissues, and maintain proper cell numbers.

Question 2

A scientist observes a single-celled organism dividing into two genetically identical daughter cells. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly compares asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring.

Question 4

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle during mitosis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 6

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers. Which phase of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow made of actin, while plant cells form a cell plate made of vesicles.

Question 8

Cancerous cells differ from healthy cells in that they:

Accepted Answer

Exhibit uncontrolled cell division and can invade other tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly defines homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes that carry the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles.

Question 10

In humans, somatic cells are diploid. What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a typical human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 11

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I, anaphase I

Question 12

Crossing over, which increases genetic variation, occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 13

Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction in humans?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring offspring have the correct diploid number after fertilization.

Question 14

A karyotype is most useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Identifying chromosomal abnormalities such as extra or missing chromosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following events occurs during both mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids

Question 16

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains how genetic variation is generated during meiosis and fertilization?

Accepted Answer

By random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I and crossing over during prophase I.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.

Question 19

A mutation prevents the formation of kinetochores in a dividing cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes will not attach to spindle fibers, leading to errors in chromosome segregation.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that does not invade neighboring tissues or spread to other parts of the body. This tumor is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Benign

Study Guide for Cell Division, Mitosis, and Meiosis (General Biology I)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica