Question 1

Which of the following is a major advantage of cells being small in size?

Accepted Answer

They have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for efficient exchange of materials.

Question 2

Which type of microscopy is best suited for observing the internal structures of a living cell in real time?

Accepted Answer

Phase-contrast light microscopy

Question 3

A scientist is studying the difference between the plasma membrane and the cell membrane in eukaryotic cells. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane refers only to the outer boundary of the cell, while the cell membrane includes all internal membranes.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A mutation disrupts the function of microtubules in a cell. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 6

Which structure is present in animal cells but absent in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 7

What is the primary function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste

Question 8

In plant cells, which organelle serves a similar function to lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large number of cilia. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances across its surface

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4 \pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$}$$

Question 12

Which organelle is most directly involved in the synthesis of lipids in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of intermediate filaments. Which symptom would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Weakness in tissue structural integrity

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which structure is essential for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 17

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins

Question 19

A cell lacking centrioles would have difficulty performing which process?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can maintain turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a central vacuole and a rigid cell wall

Study Notes: The Cell (BIO 121, Campbell - Chapter 6)

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