Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitosis in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, tissue repair, and replacement of cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result of this process?

Accepted Answer

S phase; each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, spindle fibers attached, and a clear metaphase plate. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is responsible for ensuring that DNA has been accurately replicated before the cell enters mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 checkpoint

Question 5

If a mutation prevents the production of cyclins in a cell, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell cycle will halt at specific checkpoints, preventing division

Question 6

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a form of programmed cell death that prevents damaged cells from dividing

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a single, circular chromosome attached to the plasma membrane, and it divides by binary fission. Which type of organism is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryotic cell

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why nerve and muscle cells typically remain in the G0 phase?

Accepted Answer

They do not divide after differentiation and instead grow in size

Question 9

What is the diploid number ($$2n) of $$chromosomes in a human somatic cell, and how is it achieved during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$; by combining a sperm and an egg, each with $$n = 23$$ chromosomes

Question 10

During which stage of mitosis do the centromeres dissolve and sister chromatids separate to become daughter chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 11

A researcher is studying a cell in which the nuclear envelope is fragmenting, spindle fibers are forming, and chromosomes are condensing. Which stage is the cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct comparison between mitosis in eukaryotes and binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission involves a single circular chromosome, while mitosis involves multiple linear chromosomes

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA double helix wound around histone proteins forming nucleosomes

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a cleavage furrow forming, and the cytoplasm is dividing. Which process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between diploid and haploid chromosome numbers in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = n + n$$

Question 16

A mutation causes a cell to ignore the M checkpoint and proceed through mitosis even when chromosomes are not properly aligned. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may produce daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (aneuploidy)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the number of chromosomes does not correlate with the complexity or size of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome number is a characteristic of each species and does not reflect complexity

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 19

During which stage of the cell cycle do cells perform their normal functions and may enter a non-dividing state?

Accepted Answer

G0 phase

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to chromosomes and help separate sister chromatids during anaphase

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Division: Mitosis and Binary Fission

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